Glutamic Acid
Description
Glutamic Acid (Glutamate) is a Non-Essential, Acidic, Glucogenic Amino Acid.
Topic Contents
Glutamic Acid - Health Benefits
Glutamic Acid's Metabolic Pathway
Glutamic Acid - Substances Enhanced by
These Substances may Enhance the Function of Glutamic Acid
Amino Acids
GlutamicAcid can be synthesized within the body from Arginine, Ornithine and Proline.
Glutamine which cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier converts within the body to Glutamic Acid which can pass through the Blood-Brain Barrier then combines with ammonia to reform back into Glutamine. [1]
Isoleucine promotes the enzymatic breakdown of Glutamic Acid.
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) can be converted within the body back to Glutamic Acid. [2]
Enzymes
Glutamate Decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of Glutamic Acid to Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA).
Glutaminase catalyzes the breakdown of Glutamine into Ammonia and Glutamic Acid.
Lipids
Phosphatidylserine may enhance the ability of Glutamic Acid to bind to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in the Brain. [3]
Organic Acids
Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) may facilitate the endogenous production of Glutamic Acid (one molecule of AKG combines with one molecule of Ammonia to form Glutamic Acid). [4]
Vitamins
Vitamin B6 is an essential cofactor for the manufacture of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) from Glutamic Acid and for the conversion of Glutamic Acid to Aspartic Acid.
These Substances may Counteract the Toxic Effects of Glutamic Acid
Alkaloids
Huperzine A a component of Club Moss may inhibit the excitotoxin effects of Glutamic Acid on the Hippocampus. [5]
Amino Acids
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) may help to protect Neurons from the excitotoxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid. [6]
N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) may inhibit the excitotoxic effects of Glutamic Acid. [7]
Pyroglutamate may protect Neurons against the toxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid. [8]
Taurine may inhibit the ability of Glutamic Acid to damage Neurons.
Theanine may inhibit the ability of excessive Glutamic Acid to damage Neurons. [9]
Hormones
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) may exert protective effects in the Brain that may counteract the ability of Glutamic Acid to function as an excitotoxin. [10]
Estradiol 17-Beta (which is produced by Astrocytes in the Brain by the Aromatase group of enzymes) may protect Neurons from the excitotoxic effects of Glutamic Acid. [11]
Glucagon catalyzes the conversion of Glutamic Acid to endogenous Glucose.
Lipids
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) may protect the Neurons of the Hippocampus from the toxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid. [12]
Ginsenoside Rb1 may protect the Neurons of the Hippocampus from the toxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid. [13]
Ginsenoside Rg1 may protect the Neurons of the Hippocampus from the toxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid. [14]
Ginsenoside Rg3 may protect Neurons from the toxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid. [15]
Minerals
Lithium may help to prevent Glutamic Acid from over-stimulating NMDA Receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors) in the Brain (and may thereby help to prevent the death of Neurons caused by Glutamic Acid over-stimulation).
Magnesium may counteract the toxicity of Glutamic Acid. [16]
Selenium may counteract the toxicity of Glutamic Acid. [17]
Peptides
Carnitine may counteract the toxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid. [18]
Polyphenols
Curcumin may inhibit the excitotoxin effects of Glutamic Acid. [19]
Pycnogenol may protect the body against the toxic effects of excessive Glutamic Acid.
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