Alcohol - Substances that Reduce the Toxicity of

These Substances may Counteract the Toxic Effects of Alcohol

Alkaloids

 Betaine (especially the Trimethylglycine (TMG) form of Betaine) may help to prevent Alcohol (ethanol)-induced Fatty Liver.  ^[1]

 Capsaicin may protect the Gastric Mucosa of the Stomach against Alcohol-induced damage.  ^[2]

 Galanthamine may counteract the impairment of Learning, Short-Term Memory and Spatial Memory that occurs as a result of long-term consumption of Alcohol.  ^[3]

Amino Acids

 Arginine may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to cause Gastric Ulcers and may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to damage the Liver.  ^[4]

 Carnitine may protect the Liver from Alcohol damage and may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to damage the Gastric Mucosa:  ^[5]

 Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) may inhibit the Brain, Heart, Kidney and Liver damage caused by excessive consumption of Alcohol and may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to cause Gastric Ulcers.  ^[6]

 Citrulline may help to detoxify Alcohol within the body. 

 Cysteine may protect the Liver and Brain from Alcohol-induced damage (by facilitating the detoxification of Acetaldehyde):  ^[7]

 Cysteine may help to prevent Alcohol-induced Fatty Liver.

 The N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) form of Cysteine may reduce the toxic effects of Alcohol (by functioning as a precursor for the endogenous production of Glutathione):  ^[8]

 NAC may counteract the lipid peroxidation caused by Alcohol and restores endogenous Glutathione levels to normal following Alcohol-induced Glutathione depletion.

 NAC may inhibit the ability of Alcohol (ethanol) to damage the Gastric Mucosa.

 NAC may help to prevent and reverse Alcohol-induced Hypertension (by detoxifying Acetaldehyde). 

 Glutamine may counteract some of the toxic effects of excessive consumption of Alcohol:  ^[9]

 Glutamine protects the Liver from Alcohol-induced damage.

 Glycine may accelerate the recovery from Alcohol-induced Liver damage.  ^[10]

 Histidine may prevent/reverse Alcohol-induced Liver damage.  ^[11]

 Methionine may lower circulating levels of Acetaldehyde following Alcohol ingestion and may help to prevent Alcohol-induced Liver damage.  ^[12]

 S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) may inhibit Alcohol-induced Liver damage:  ^[13]

 SAMe may counteract the ability of Alcohol to cause Fatty Liver and may treat pre-existing Fatty Liver.

 Taurine may reduce the toxicity of Alcohol.  This effect occurs from Taurine activating the Aldehyde Dehydrognease enzyme that accelerates the clearance of Alcohol’s toxic metabolite product, Acetaldehyde, from the body.  Studies have shown that Taurine may inhibit the rise in plasma Acetaldehyde levels that normally result from Alcohol consumption:  ^[14]

 Taurine may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to damage the Liver and the Gastric Mucosa.

 Taurine may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to cause Memory impairment.

 Taurine may inhibit Alcohol-induced depletion of Chromium, Manganese and Selenium.

 Theanine may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to damage the Liver.  ^[15]

 Thioproline may protect the Liver against the toxic effects of Alcohol. 

Antioxidants

 Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) may reduce the after-effects of excessive Alcohol consumption and may reduce Alcohol-induced Brain damage.  ^[16]

Carotenoids

 Astaxanthin may inhibit the ability of Alcohol (ethanol) to cause Gastric Ulcers.  ^[17]

 Crocin may inhibit the ability of Alcohol to impair Long-TermMemory.  ^[18]

Enzymes

 Alcohol Dehydrogenase is the primary endogenous enzyme responsible for the metabolism (breakdown) of Alcohol within the Liver (and in smaller quantities in the Brain and Stomach):  ^[19]

 Alcohol Dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of Alcohol to Acetaldehyde.