Insulin - Biological Functions and Therapeutic Applications
Description
This section lists the biological function of endogenous Insulin and the therapeutic applications for exogenous (replacement) Insulin.
Biological Functions and Therapeutic Usage of Insulin
Insulin uses Inositol Triphosphate and Diacylglcyerol as its Second Messengers.
Metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus may occur as a result of insufficient production of Insulin (and replacement Insulin is a widely-used therapy for Diabetes Mellitus patients).
Insulin lowers serum Glucose (blood sugar) levels in response to elevated serum Blood Sugar levels: [1]
Insulin stimulates the absorption of Glucose from the bloodstream into Muscles and Adipose Tissues.
Insulin inhibits the production of Glucose within the Liver (i.e. it inhibits ).
Insulin stimulates the conversion of Glucose into Glycogen within the Liver and Muscles, thereby lowering blood sugar levels ().
Insulin stimulates the conversion of Glucose into two molecules of Pyruvic Acid (i.e. Glycolysis) within all cells of the body.
Insulin stimulates the conversion of Glucose into Triglycerides (i.e. lipogenesis) within the Liver for storage as Adipose Tissue.
Insulin prevents the build-up of excessive quantities of Ketones (ketosis) within the body.
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