Second Messengers
Description
Second Messengers are intermediary molecules that are generated as a result of a Hormone/Neurotransmitter (i.e. a first messenger) interaction with a Receptor.
Biological Function of Second Messengers
Nervous System
1. Receptors detect Neurotransmitters or Hormones (first messengers).
2. Receptors in turn trigger the activation of a specific Second Messenger located on the cytoplasmic face of the Cell Membranes.
3. The activated Second Messenger then changes the activity of an effector element, usually an Enzyme (e.g. a Protein Kinases) or Ion Channel.
4. This element then changes the concentration of the intracellular Second Messenger.
Types of Second Messengers
14-Hydroxy Retro-Retinol
Phosphatidic Acid
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