Lactose

Also known as:  Milk Sugar

Lactose is a Disaccharide comprising one molecule of Glucose and one molecule of Galactose.

Minerals

 Lactose may enhance the body's absorption of dietary Calcium. 

Microorganisms

 Bifidobacteria longum may facilitate the digestion of dietary Lactose.  ^[1]

 Lactobacillus bacteria may allow Lactase-deficient individuals to avoid some of the toxic effects of Lactose accumulation associated with Lactase deficiency: 

 Lactobacillus may prevent the accumulation of Lactose by fermenting the Milk products that contain Lactose and causing the conversion of Lactose to Lactic Acid.

 Streptococcus - Beneficial bacteria are responsible for (and are often used commercially in) fermenting Lactose - resulting in its conversion to the more readily digestible (than Lactose)  Lactic Acid (for example, in many fermented Milk products).