Degenerative Disc Disease

Overview

Degenerative disc disease (DDD)is a condition characterized by age-related or progressive changes in the intervertebral discs—the flexible structures located between the spine's vertebrae. Over time, discs may lose water content and elasticity, develop structural fissures, and become thinner, reducing their ability to absorb stress and maintain normal spinal mechanics.

Degenerative disc disease involves the gradual structural deterioration of the intervertebral discs, often associated with aging, genetic factors, and cumulative mechanical stress. Disc dehydration, loss of elasticity, and reduced disc height may alter spinal biomechanics and contribute to pain, stiffness, osteophyte formation, or nerve compression. However, degenerative changes are frequently present in people without symptoms.